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For this reason, the primary pharmacological treatment of patients suffering from SZ involves dopamine antagonists.

The main pathophysiological concept assumes an overstimulation of dopaminergic transmission in striatal, frontal and cingulate brain regions. The pathophysiology of SZ likely reflects genetic, developmental and environmental factors. Schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by various combinations of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and behavior, cognitive impairment and movement disorders. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The minimal dataset underlying the findings in the manuscript has been placed in Figshare and is now freely available to other researchers.įunding: The authors have no support or funding to report.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Received: AugAccepted: JPublished: July 8, 2016Ĭopyright: © 2016 Hirjak et al. PLoS ONE 11(7):Įditor: Soraya Seedat, University of Stellenbosch, SOUTH AFRICA Citation: Hirjak D, Hochlehnert A, Thomann PA, Kubera KM, Schnell K (2016) Evidence for Distinguishable Treatment Costs among Paranoid Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder.